Greece, with its stunning landscapes, rich history, and warm Mediterranean climate, has become an increasingly popular destination for expatriates seeking a new life abroad. However, one of the most critical considerations for anyone moving to a new country is understanding how the healthcare system works. For expats relocating to Greece, navigating the intricacies of the Greek healthcare system can seem daunting at first. But fear not—this guide will walk you through everything you need to know about accessing healthcare services as an expat in Greece.
1. Overview of the Greek Healthcare System
The Greek healthcare system is a hybrid model that combines public and private healthcare services. It is funded through taxes, social security contributions, and out-of-pocket payments. The public healthcare system, known as ESY (Ethniko Systima Ygeias) , provides universal coverage to all legal residents, including expats who meet certain criteria. Private healthcare, on the other hand, offers faster access to specialists and more personalized care but comes at a cost.
Key Features:
- Public Healthcare : Free or low-cost services for those covered by social security.
- Private Healthcare : Paid services offering shorter wait times and additional amenities.
2. Who Qualifies for Public Healthcare?
Expats living in Greece may qualify for public healthcare under specific conditions:
a. EU/EEA Citizens
If you’re from an EU/EEA country, you can access public healthcare in Greece using your European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) . This card provides temporary coverage for medical emergencies and necessary treatments during your stay. For long-term residency, you’ll need to register with the Greek social security system (IKA) and obtain an AMKA number (the Greek social security number).
b. Non-EU/EEA Citizens
Non-EU/EEA expats must have legal residency status in Greece to access public healthcare. This typically involves obtaining a residence permit and registering with IKA. Once registered, you’ll be eligible for public healthcare services based on your contributions to the social security system.
c. Retirees and Pensioners
Retired expats receiving pensions from their home countries may also qualify for public healthcare. In some cases, bilateral agreements between Greece and other countries allow retirees to access healthcare services without paying additional fees.
3. Registering for Public Healthcare
To access public healthcare in Greece, you’ll need to complete the following steps:
Step 1: Obtain an AMKA Number
The AMKA (Arithmos Mitroou Koinonikon Asfaliseon) is a unique social security number required for all healthcare-related transactions in Greece. You can apply for it at your local KEP office (Citizens’ Service Center) by providing proof of identity, residency, and employment or pension details.
Step 2: Enroll in Social Security (IKA)
Once you have your AMKA number, you’ll need to enroll in IKA, the primary social security organization in Greece. Contributions to IKA are typically deducted from your salary if you’re employed. Self-employed individuals must make voluntary contributions.
Step 3: Choose a Doctor or Clinic
After registration, you can choose a primary care physician (GP) affiliated with the public healthcare system. Your GP will serve as your first point of contact for non-emergency medical issues and can refer you to specialists if needed.
4. Costs of Public Healthcare
While public healthcare in Greece is heavily subsidized, some costs may still apply:
- Prescription Medications : Subsidized but require co-payments.
- Specialist Visits : Referrals from your GP reduce costs.
- Hospital Stays : Generally free, though certain procedures may incur nominal fees.
For expats not fully covered by public healthcare, purchasing private health insurance is highly recommended.
5. Private Healthcare Options
Many expats opt for private healthcare due to shorter wait times, English-speaking doctors, and higher-quality facilities. Private healthcare in Greece is relatively affordable compared to other Western European countries.
Advantages of Private Healthcare
- Access to top-tier hospitals and clinics.
- Choice of specialist without needing referrals.
- Multilingual staff catering to international patients.
Costs and Insurance
Private consultations typically range from €50 to €150, depending on the doctor and location. Expats often purchase private health insurance plans tailored to their needs, which can cover routine check-ups, hospital stays, and emergency care.
6. Emergency Care
In case of emergencies, expats can visit any public hospital’s emergency department regardless of their insurance status. Emergency care is free for all legal residents, though follow-up treatments may require payment or referral from a GP.
Important Numbers:
- Ambulance : Dial 166
- General Emergency Line : Dial 112
7. Pharmacies and Medications
Pharmacies (pharmakeia) are abundant in Greece and play a vital role in the healthcare system. Pharmacists can provide advice on minor ailments and over-the-counter medications. Prescription drugs are dispensed only with a doctor’s prescription and are partially subsidized by the government.
Pro Tip: Keep your prescriptions handy when traveling within Greece, as pharmacists may ask for them before dispensing medication.
8. Common Challenges for Expats
While the Greek healthcare system is comprehensive, expats may encounter some challenges:
- Language Barrier : Many public healthcare professionals speak limited English. Learning basic Greek phrases or seeking English-speaking doctors can help.
- Bureaucracy : Navigating the registration process can be time-consuming and complex.
- Regional Disparities : Healthcare quality varies between urban centers like Athens and rural areas.
9. Tips for Expats Navigating the System
- Research Before You Move : Understand the requirements for accessing public healthcare based on your nationality and residency status.
- Secure Health Insurance : Whether public or private, ensure you have adequate coverage before arriving in Greece.
- Build Relationships : Establish connections with local doctors and pharmacists for ongoing care.
- Stay Organized : Keep copies of important documents, such as your AMKA number, EHIC card (if applicable), and insurance policies.
