The United Kingdom’s departure from the European Union (Brexit) has significantly altered the relationship between the UK and EU member states, including Greece. For UK citizens considering a move to Greece—whether for retirement, work, or lifestyle purposes—the post-Brexit landscape presents new challenges and requirements. Here’s a comprehensive guide to understanding how Brexit impacts UK nationals moving to Greece and what steps you need to take to ensure a smooth transition.
1. Residency Requirements for UK Citizens in Greece
Before Brexit, UK citizens enjoyed freedom of movement within the EU, allowing them to live, work, and retire in Greece without needing a visa. However, Brexit ended this privilege, and UK citizens are now treated as third-country nationals. This means they must comply with Greece’s immigration rules for non-EU citizens.
a. Pre-Settled Status vs. Post-Brexit Rules
- If you were already living in Greece before December 31, 2020 (the end of the Brexit transition period), you may have been eligible to apply for pre-settled status under the Withdrawal Agreement. This grants you the right to remain in Greece indefinitely.
- For those moving after January 1, 2021, new residency permits are required.
b. Types of Residency Permits
Greece offers several types of residency permits for UK citizens, depending on their purpose of stay:
- Long-Term Resident Permit: For individuals planning to live in Greece permanently.
- Work Visa: Required for employment in Greece.
- Retirement Visa: For retirees who can prove sufficient financial resources and health insurance coverage.
- Student Visa: For those pursuing education in Greece.
To obtain a residency permit, you’ll need to provide documentation such as proof of income, health insurance, and accommodation.
2. Healthcare Access
One of the most significant changes brought about by Brexit is access to healthcare.
a. S1 Forms for Retirees
- UK retirees receiving a UK state pension can apply for an S1 form , which allows them to access Greece’s public healthcare system free of charge.
- To qualify, you must register your S1 form with the Greek social security organization (IKA).
b. Private Health Insurance
- For UK citizens not covered by an S1 form, private health insurance is mandatory when applying for a residency permit.
- Ensure your policy meets Greek government standards and covers emergencies and hospital stays.
c. European Health Insurance Card (EHIC)
- The EHIC no longer applies to UK citizens traveling or living in Greece post-Brexit.
- Instead, UK travelers should use the Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC) for temporary medical needs during short visits.
3. Working in Greece
Brexit has also affected UK citizens’ ability to work in Greece.
a. Work Permits
- Unlike EU citizens, UK nationals now require a work visa to be employed in Greece.
- Employers must sponsor your application, and you’ll need to demonstrate that your skills are in demand or that there are no suitable Greek or EU candidates available.
b. Self-Employment
- Freelancers and entrepreneurs can apply for a self-employment visa, but they must show proof of sufficient funds and a viable business plan.
- Registering with the Greek tax authorities and obtaining a tax identification number (AFM) is essential.
c. Digital Nomads
- Greece introduced a Digital Nomad Visa in 2021, which allows remote workers to live in Greece while working for clients or companies outside the country.
- Applicants must earn at least €3,500 per month and provide proof of health insurance.
4. Property Ownership
Brexit does not directly affect UK citizens’ ability to buy property in Greece. However, there are practical considerations:
a. Tax Implications
- Property owners must pay annual property taxes (ENFIA) and comply with Greek tax laws.
- Non-resident homeowners may face additional scrutiny regarding their sources of income.
b. Golden Visa Program
- Greece’s Golden Visa program remains open to UK citizens. By investing at least €250,000 in real estate, you can obtain a renewable residency permit valid for five years.
5. Driving Licenses and Vehicle Registration
a. Driving in Greece
- UK driving licenses are still valid for short-term visits to Greece.
- For long-term residents, you’ll need to exchange your UK license for a Greek one within six months of establishing residency.
b. Importing Vehicles
- Bringing a UK-registered vehicle to Greece requires paying import duties and registering it locally.
- Alternatively, you can sell your car in the UK and purchase a vehicle in Greece.
6. Banking and Finances
Brexit has complicated banking arrangements for UK citizens in Greece.
a. Opening Bank Accounts
- Some Greek banks have tightened restrictions on opening accounts for non-EU citizens. Be prepared to provide extensive documentation, including proof of address and income.
b. Currency Exchange
- Transactions between euros and pounds sterling may incur higher fees due to reduced cooperation between UK and EU financial institutions.
c. Pensions and Benefits
- UK state pensions will continue to be paid to retirees in Greece, but they will not increase annually unless you hold an S1 form.
- Other UK benefits, such as winter fuel payments, are no longer available to expats in the EU.
7. Cultural and Social Integration
While Brexit has created bureaucratic hurdles, Greece remains welcoming to UK citizens. Many Britons have successfully integrated into Greek communities, particularly in popular expat areas like Crete, Corfu, and the Peloponnese.
a. Language Barrier
- Learning basic Greek can greatly enhance your experience and help you navigate official processes.
- English is widely spoken in tourist areas, but rural regions may require more effort to communicate effectively.
b. Community Support
- Join expat groups and forums to connect with other UK citizens living in Greece. These networks can offer valuable advice and support.
8. Practical Steps Before Moving
To ensure a smooth relocation, follow these steps:
- Research Residency Options: Determine which type of permit suits your situation and gather the necessary documents.
- Secure Health Insurance: Obtain comprehensive coverage that meets Greek requirements.
- Plan Finances: Understand tax obligations, currency exchange rates, and cost-of-living differences.
- Hire Legal Assistance: Consider consulting an immigration lawyer or relocation expert familiar with post-Brexit regulations.
- Visit Greece First: Spend time exploring potential locations to find the best fit for your lifestyle.
